1.14.19.75: very-long-chain acyl-lipid omega-9 desaturase
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For detailed information about very-long-chain acyl-lipid omega-9 desaturase, go to the full flat file.
Reaction
+ 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + + 2 H+ = + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
Synonyms
ACYL-LIPID DESATURASE2, ADS2, At2g31360, AtADS2
ECTree
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General Information
General Information on EC 1.14.19.75 - very-long-chain acyl-lipid omega-9 desaturase
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malfunction
metabolism
ads2 mutant plants appear similar to the wild type under standard growth conditions but display a dwarf and sterile phenotype when grown at 6°C and also show increased sensitivity to freezing temperature. Fatty acid composition analysis demonstrates that ads2 mutant plants at 6°C have reduced levels of 16:1, 16:2, 16:3, and 18:3 and higher levels of 16:0 and 18:0 fatty acids compared with the wild type. Lipid profiling reveals that 34C species of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) content in ads2 mutants were lower and phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylserine are higher than the wild type
malfunction
plants deficient in AtADS2 expression show no obvious phenotype when grown under normal growing conditions, but show an almost complete loss of phosphatidylethanolamine (42:4), phosphatidylserine(42:4), dihydroxy-monohexosylceramide(42:2)-2, trihydroxyonohexosylceramide(42:2)-3, and trihydroxy-glycosylinositolphosphoceramide(42:2)-3, lipid species that contain the VLCFA 24:1(n-9), and trihydroxyglycosylinositolphosphoceramide(44:2)-3, a lipid containing 26:1(n-9). Acyl-CoA profiling of these plants revealed a major reduction in 24:1-CoA and a small reduction in 26:1-CoA
ADS2 is essential to adjust the acyl composition of organelle membrane lipid composition in response to cold stress
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the 24:1(n-9) and 26:1(n-9) components (X:Y, where X is chain length and Y is number of double bonds) of seed lipids, sphingolipids, and the membrane phospholipids phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Overexpression of AtADS2 results in a substantial increase in the percentage of glycerolipid and sphingolipids species containing 24:1 and a dramatic increase in the percentage of very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids in the acyl-CoA pool