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glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine
H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
glycine + His-tagged H-apoprotein
?
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very low activity
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?
glycine + lipoamide
?
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-
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?
glycine + lipoate
?
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very low activity
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-
?
glycine + lipoylated H-apoprotein
?
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very low activity
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?
glycine + lipoylated His-tagged H-apoprotein
?
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very low activity
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-
?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
glycine + rTvH1 protein
?
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?
glycine + rTvH2 protein
?
-
-
-
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?
glycine + [glycine-cleavage complex H protein]-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine
[glycine-cleavage complex H protein]-S-aminomethyl-N6-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysine + CO2
H1 protein
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substrate for L protein
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?
H2 protein
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substrate for L protein
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?
P2 protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyl-L-lysine + bicarbonate
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r
additional information
?
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glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine
H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
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?
glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine
H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
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-
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?
glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine
H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
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-
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?
glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine
H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
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?
glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine
H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
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?
glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine
H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
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-
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?
glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine
H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
P-protein is the actual glycine-decarboxylating enzyme and uses pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor. CO2 is released in the reaction and the residual aminomethyl group is bound to the oxidized lipoamide arm of H-protein
the methylene group is accepted by tetrahydrofolate to yield methylene tetrahydrofolate, a major cofactor in one-carbon metabolism
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?
glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine
H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
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?
glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine
H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2
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-
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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lipoyl protein: H-protein, lipoamide can also act as acceptor
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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lipoyl protein: H-protein, lipoamide can also act as acceptor
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
C3-plants
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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reaction is stimulated by lipoic acid which is a functional group of the H-protein
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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glycine decarboxylation catalyzed by P-protein alone is extremely low
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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lipoyl protein: H-protein, lipoamide can also act as acceptor
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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lipoyl protein: H-protein, lipoamide can also act as acceptor
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-
?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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lipoyl protein: H-protein, lipoamide can also act as acceptor
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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lipoyl protein: H-protein, lipoamide can also act as acceptor
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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lipoyl protein: H-protein, lipoamide can also act as acceptor
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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lipoyl protein: H-protein, lipoamide can also act as acceptor
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?
glycine + lipoylprotein
S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2
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?
glycine + [glycine-cleavage complex H protein]-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine
[glycine-cleavage complex H protein]-S-aminomethyl-N6-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysine + CO2
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-
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r
glycine + [glycine-cleavage complex H protein]-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine
[glycine-cleavage complex H protein]-S-aminomethyl-N6-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysine + CO2
reversible reaction
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r
additional information
?
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?
additional information
?
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the GDC H-protein (GLDH) has no catalytic activity itself but interacts via its lipoyl arm one after the other with the three other GDC subunits, P-protein (EC 1.4.4.2), T-protein (EC 2.1.2.10), and L-protein (EC 1.8.1.4)
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?
additional information
?
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the GDC H-protein is a substrate for P-protein of glycine decarboxylase
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?
additional information
?
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P-protein also catalyzes exchange of carbonyl carbon of glycine with CO2, reaction greatly stimulated by addition of H protein
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?
additional information
?
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P-protein also catalyzes exchange of carbonyl carbon of glycine with CO2, reaction greatly stimulated by addition of H protein
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?
additional information
?
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the glycine cleavage system consists of 4 protein components: 1. P-protein is a pyridoxal containing protein: a Schiff base is formed between the hydroxyl group of the pyridoxal phosphate and the alpha-NH2 of glycine, the amino group and the alpha-carbon of the glycine are transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the second enzyme of the complex the H-protein, the alpha-carbonyl group of glycine is lost as CO2, 2. H-protein, 3. T-protein: catalyzes the passage of alpha-carbon from lipoamide of H protein to tetrahydrofolate, alpha-NH2 from glycine is lost as NH4+, 4. L-protein: catalyzes oxidation of reduced lipoamide back to its original form with concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH
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?
additional information
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nonketotic hyperglycinaemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of glycine metabolism caused by a deficiency in the mitochondrial glycine cleavage enzyme. The majority of cases are caused by mutations in the P-protein
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?
additional information
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presence of excess pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is used in the assay mixture to facilitate the displacement of the quinonoid intermediate in the absence of an acceptor for the methylamine moiety (of decarboxylated glycine) to allow multiple enzyme turnovers. Mass spectrometry and 13C NMR spectroscopy are used to determine the products of glycine decarboxylation. The assay reaction mixtures are incubated for 1 week at pH 7.0, 25°C
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?
additional information
?
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presence of excess pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is used in the assay mixture to facilitate the displacement of the quinonoid intermediate in the absence of an acceptor for the methylamine moiety (of decarboxylated glycine) to allow multiple enzyme turnovers. Mass spectrometry and 13C NMR spectroscopy are used to determine the products of glycine decarboxylation. The assay reaction mixtures are incubated for 1 week at pH 7.0, 25°C
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?
additional information
?
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glycine decarboxylase does not occur as a complex of all four proteins, but L-protein takes part in both glycine decarboxylase as well as in glycine reductase reaction
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?
additional information
?
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P-protein also catalyzes exchange of carbonyl carbon of glycine with CO2, reaction greatly stimulated by addition of H protein
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme is a component of the reversible glycine cleavage system, previously known as glycine synthase
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?
additional information
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in transgenic potato plants with an antisense reduction in P-protein of GDC, the decrease in photorespiratory decarboxylation is compensated for by an increase in respiratory decarboxylation in the light
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?