Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
3,5,3'-triiodothyronine | the enzyme shows strong binding to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroxine | Homo sapiens |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | Q14894 | - |
- |
Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
---|---|---|---|
thiomorpholine 3-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 3,4-dehydro-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + NAD(P)H + H+ | the enzyme binds 2-oxo acids, such as pyruvate, in solution, and catalyzes the formation of N-alkyl-amino acids from alkylamines and 2-oxo acids via reduction of imine intermediates. Mechanistically, ketimine reductase/CRYM acts as a classical imine reductase | Homo sapiens |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | L-pipecolate + NADP+ | - |
? | |
glyocylate + methylamine + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | sarcosine + NADP+ | - |
? | |
additional information | human ketimine reductase/CRYM can utilize alkylamines (such as methylamine and ethylamine) and 2-oxo acids (such as pyruvate and phenylpyruvate) as enzyme substrates. Analysis of reaction intermediates, overview. Mammalian ketimine reductase reaction is known to be enantiospecific and only the L-enantiomer product is formed in vivo. A ketimine reductase/CRYM-catalyzed reaction at neutral pH in the reverse direction is not determined | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
phenylpyruvate + methylamine + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | N-methyl-L-phenylalanine + NADP+ | - |
? | |
pyruvate + ethylamine + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | N-ethyl-L-alanine + NADP+ | - |
? | |
pyruvate + methylamine + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | N-methyl-L-alanine + NADP+ | - |
? | |
pyruvate + NH3 + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | L-alanine + NADP+ | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
CRYM | - |
Homo sapiens |
ketimine reductase | - |
Homo sapiens |
mu-crystallin | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.2 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
physiological function | the enzyme is the main cytosolic thyroid hormone binding protein and shows strong binding to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroxine. Ketimine reductase/CRYM substrate levels and T3 bioavailability are reciprocally linked. Human ketimine reductase/CRYM catalyzes reduction of non-cyclic imines. Since a ketimine reductase/CRYM-catalyzed reaction at neutral pH in the reverse direction cannot be demonstrated, ketimine reductase/CRYM-catalyzed reductive amination/alkylamination of 2-oxo acids (or oxidation of L-amino acids/N-alkyl-L-amino acids) is not likely to be of physiological importance in mammals in vivo | Homo sapiens |