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Literature summary for 1.1.1.79 extracted from

  • Simpson, J.P.; Di Leo, R.; Dhanoa, P.K.; Allan, W.L.; Makhmoudova, A.; Clark, S.M.; Hoover, G.J.; Mullen, R.T.; Shelp, B.J.
    Identification and characterization of a plastid-localized Arabidopsis glyoxylate reductase isoform: comparison with a cytosolic isoform and implications for cellular redox homeostasis and aldehyde detoxification (2008), J. Exp. Bot., 59, 2545-2554.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
expressed as GFP-fusion protein in tobacco BY-2 cells Arabidopsis thaliana
expressed as His-tag fusion protein in E. coli BL-21(DE3) Rosetta (pLysS), full-length and truncated GR2 sequences introduced into Escherichia coli, only the recombinant truncated GR2 is soluble, expression markedly improved by co-expression of the GroES/GroEL chaperone Arabidopsis thaliana
expressed in Escherichia coli BL-21(DE3) Rosetta (pLysS) cells and in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
DELTA1-43 in contrast to the full length sequence yields a soluble protein when expressed in Escherichia coli Arabidopsis thaliana
DELTA2-45 localizes in the cytosol instead of plastids Arabidopsis thaliana

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
NADP+ competitive Arabidopsis thaliana

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.0012
-
NADPH with succinic semialdehyde as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.0012
-
NADPH recombinant enzyme, using succinic semialdehyde as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.0014
-
NADPH with glyoxylate as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.0014
-
NADPH recombinant enzyme, using glyoxylate as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.034
-
glyoxylate with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.034
-
glyoxylate recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
8.96
-
Succinic semialdehyde with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
8.96
-
Succinic semialdehyde recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytosol
-
Arabidopsis thaliana 5829
-
plastid stroma Arabidopsis thaliana 9536
-
plastid glyoxylate reductase 2 is localized within the plastid, presumably in the stroma Arabidopsis thaliana 9536
-

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
35900
-
x * 35900, truncated enzyme from Escherichia coli including His-tag Arabidopsis thaliana
36000
-
SDS-PAGE Arabidopsis thaliana
36200
-
calculated from amino acid sequence Arabidopsis thaliana
36287
-
x * 36287, calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence Arabidopsis thaliana

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana detoxification of glyoxylate during stress glycolate + NADP+
-
ir
succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana detoxification of succinic semialdehyde during stress 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
r

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana F4I907 ecotype Columbia
-
Arabidopsis thaliana F4I907 putative uncharacterized protein At1g17650; ecotype Columbia
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Q9LSV0 enzyme also displays 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC1.1.1.61) activity but with less efficiency; (L.) Heynh
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
nickel affinity column chromatography Arabidopsis thaliana
recombinant truncated protein using His-tag Arabidopsis thaliana

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
leaf
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Storage Stability

Storage Stability Organism
-80°C, concentrated enzyme, can be stored for month Arabidopsis thaliana
-80°C, concentrated protein eluate from the affinity column, for months, enzyme activity is reasonably stable Arabidopsis thaliana
4°C, concentrated protein eluate from the affinity column, for hours, enzyme activity is reasonably stable Arabidopsis thaliana
4°C, diluted enzyme, storage during assays, activity starts to decrease within 30 min Arabidopsis thaliana

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
glyoxylate + NADH NADH much less effective than NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate + NAD+
-
ir
glyoxylate + NADH + H+ NADH much less effective than NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate + NAD+
-
ir
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate + NADP+
-
ir
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ detoxification of glyoxylate during stress Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate + NADP+
-
ir
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ glyoxylate reductase 2 has a 350fold higher preference for glyoxylate than for succinic semialdehyde Arabidopsis thaliana glycolate + NADP+
-
ir
additional information glyoxylate reductase 2 is ineffective in catalysing the reverse reaction utilizing either glycolate or 6-phosphogluconate Arabidopsis thaliana ?
-
?
succinic semialdehyde + NADH + H+ NADH much less effective than NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana 4-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+
-
?
succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
r
succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ detoxification of succinic semialdehyde during stress Arabidopsis thaliana 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
r
succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ reverse reaction less efficient than forward reaction Arabidopsis thaliana 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
r
succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ glyoxylate reductase 2 has a 350fold higher preference for glyoxylate than for succinic semialdehyde Arabidopsis thaliana 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
ir

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
? x * 35900, truncated enzyme from Escherichia coli including His-tag Arabidopsis thaliana
? x * 36287, calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
AtGR1
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
AtGR2
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
glyoxylate reductase 1
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
glyoxylate reductase 2
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
GR2
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
More enzyme also displays 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC1.1.1.61) activity but with less efficiency Arabidopsis thaliana

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
10.7
-
NADPH with succinic semialdehyde as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
10.7
-
NADPH recombinant enzyme, using succinic semialdehyde as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
12
-
NADPH with glyoxylate as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
12
-
NADPH recombinant enzyme, using glyoxylate as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
17
-
Succinic semialdehyde with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
17
-
Succinic semialdehyde recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
22.5
-
glyoxylate with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
22.5
-
glyoxylate recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
6.8 7.8
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
6.8 7.8 with glyoxylate and NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana

pH Range

pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
5.5 9 approximately 10% of activity at pH 5.5 and 9 Arabidopsis thaliana

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADH much less effective than NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana
NADPH
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
NADPH glyoxylate reductase 2 uses either NADPH or NADH as a cofactor, however, much greater activity is found with NADPH Arabidopsis thaliana

pI Value

Organism Comment pI Value Maximum pI Value
Arabidopsis thaliana calculated from amino acid sequence
-
8.5
Arabidopsis thaliana calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence
-
8.54