Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 5829 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(S)-malate + NADP+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
r |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
- |
- |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ | - |
r | |
pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | (S)-malate + NADP+ | - |
r |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
NADP-malic enzyme | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
NADP-ME | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADP+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
NADPH | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
metabolism | the enzyme metabolizes malate, which is important for stabilizing cytoplasmic pH, controlling stomatal aperture, increasing resistance to aluminum excess and pathogens. Pyruvate, another product of the enzyme reaction, participates in the synthesis of defense compounds such as flavonoids and lignin, which are involved in stresses tolerance such as mechanical wounding and pathogen invasion. Moreover, the enzyme provides essential reductive coenzyme NADPH in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and lignin. On the other hand, NADPH is crucial for reactive oxygen species metabolizing systems such as the ascorbate-glutathione pathway and NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase, and is also required by apoplastic oxidative burst in most plant-pathogen interactions | Arabidopsis thaliana |
physiological function | the enzyme plays important roles in diverse stress responses (pathogen infection, ozone stress, drought stress, salt stress, metal excess, temperature stress, wounding and UV radiation) | Arabidopsis thaliana |