Literature summary for 1.1.1.307 extracted from

Louie, T.M.; Louie, K.; DenHartog, S.; Gopishetty, S.; Subramanian, M.; Arnold, M.; Das, S.
Production of bio-xylitol from D-xylose by an engineered Pichia pastoris expressing a recombinant xylose reductase did not require any auxiliary substrate as electron donor (2021), Microb. Cell Fact., 20, 50 .

Search for more literature for 1.1.1.307

Application

Application	Comment	Organism
synthesis	production of bio-xylitol from D-xylose by an engineered Pichia pastoris expressing a recombinant xylose reductase	Scheffersomyces stipitis

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene xr, recombinant enzyme expression in Pichia pastoris strain GS115, coexpression with Bacillus subtilis gene gdh	Neurospora crassa
gene xyl1, recombinant enzyme expression in Pichia pastoris strain GS115, coexpression with Bacillus subtilis gene gdh	Scheffersomyces stipitis
gene xyl1, recombinant enzyme expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CA11, isolated from Brazilian cachaca fermentation processes, co-expression with XDH, and xylA gene from Clostridium phytofermentans encoding xylose isomerase	Scheffersomyces stipitis

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	recombinant enzyme expression in Pichia pastoris, coexpression with Bacillus subtilis gene gdh	Neurospora crassa
additional information	recombinant enzyme expression in Pichia pastoris, coexpression with Bacillus subtilis gene gdh, the biotransformation is very efficient with as high as 80% w/w conversion within two hours. The whole cells can be reused for multiple rounds of catalysis without loss of activity. The cells can directly transform D-xylose in a non-detoxified hemicelluloses hydrolysate to xylitol at 70% w/w yield. Recombinant Pichia pastoris expressing xylose reductase could transform D-xylose, either in pure form or in crude hemicelluloses hydrolysate, to bio-xylitol very efficiently. This biocatalytic reaction happens without the external addition of any NAD(P)H, NAD(P)+, and auxiliary substrate as an electron donor. PsXYL1 in the cells is not inhibited by D-xylose up to 1.5 M. About 320 mM xylitol is produced from 400 mM D-xylose (80% conversion), 535 mM xylitol from 750 mM D-xylose (71% conversion), but only about 750 mM xylitol from 1.5 M D-xylose (50% conversion). The reaction with 1.5 M of D-xylose should not be limited by NAD+ since the cells are not recycled	Scheffersomyces stipitis
additional information	xylose isomerase (XI, EC 5.3.1.5) and xylose reductase/xylitol dehydrogenase (XR/XDH) pathways are used to confer xylose assimilation capacity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae for achievement of economically viable lignocellulosic ethanol production. XI and/or XR/XDH pathways are introduced into two robust industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, evaluated in synthetic media and corn cob hemicellulosic hydrolysate, and the results are correlated with the differential enzyme activities found in the xylose-pathway engineered strains. The sole expression of XI increases the fermentative capacity of both strains in synthetic media at 30°C and 40°C decreasing xylitol accumulation and improving xylose consumption and ethanol production. Similar results are observed in fermentations of detoxified hydrolysate. In the presence of lignocellulosic-derived inhibitors, a positive synergistic effect results from the expression of both XI and XR/XDH, possibly caused by a cofactor equilibrium between the XDH and furan detoxifying enzymes, increasing the ethanol yield by more than 38%. An advantage of using the XI from Clostridium phytofermentans to attain high ethanol productivities and yields from xylose is proven	Scheffersomyces stipitis

Inhibitors

Inhibitors	Comment	Organism	Structure
additional information	recombinant PsXYL1 in the cells is not inhibited by D-xylose up to 1.5 M. Also, furfural hydroxymethylfurfural, aliphatic acids, and phenolic compounds in the hydrolysates do not inhibit the growth of the microorganisms and PsXYL1 enzyme activity in the cells	Neurospora crassa
additional information	recombinant PsXYL1 in the cells is not inhibited by D-xylose up to 1.5 M. Also, furfural hydroxymethylfurfural, aliphatic acids, and phenolic compounds in the hydrolysates do not inhibit the growth of the microorganisms and PsXYL1 enzyme activity in the cells	Scheffersomyces stipitis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.
D-xylose + NADH + H+	Scheffersomyces stipitis	-	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	Neurospora crassa	-	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71	-	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A	-	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL Y-11545	-	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	Scheffersomyces stipitis NBRC 10063	-	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	Neurospora crassa DSM 1257	-	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698	-	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	Scheffersomyces stipitis ATCC 58785	-	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	Neurospora crassa FGSC 987	-	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	Scheffersomyces stipitis	-	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	Neurospora crassa	-	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71	-	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A	-	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL Y-11545	-	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	Scheffersomyces stipitis NBRC 10063	-	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	Neurospora crassa DSM 1257	-	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698	-	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	Scheffersomyces stipitis ATCC 58785	-	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	Neurospora crassa FGSC 987	-	xylitol + NADP+	-	r

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Neurospora crassa	Q7SD67	-	-
Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A	Q7SD67	-	-
Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698	Q7SD67	-	-
Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71	Q7SD67	-	-
Neurospora crassa DSM 1257	Q7SD67	-	-
Neurospora crassa FGSC 987	Q7SD67	-	-
Scheffersomyces stipitis	P31867	-	-
Scheffersomyces stipitis	P31867	Pichia stipitis	-
Scheffersomyces stipitis ATCC 58785	P31867	-	-
Scheffersomyces stipitis ATCC 58785	P31867	Pichia stipitis	-
Scheffersomyces stipitis NBRC 10063	P31867	-	-
Scheffersomyces stipitis NBRC 10063	P31867	Pichia stipitis	-
Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL Y-11545	P31867	-	-
Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL Y-11545	P31867	Pichia stipitis	-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg]	Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg]	Comment	Organism
1.7	10.2	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.0, 30°C, with co-expressed GDH	Scheffersomyces stipitis
9.7	10.1	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.0, 30°C	Scheffersomyces stipitis
22.4	38.6	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.0, 30°C, with co-expressed GDH	Neurospora crassa
35.7	62.1	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.0, 30°C	Neurospora crassa

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
D-xylose + NADH + H+	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL Y-11545	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis NBRC 10063	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa DSM 1257	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis ATCC 58785	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa FGSC 987	xylitol + NAD+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL Y-11545	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis NBRC 10063	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa DSM 1257	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis ATCC 58785	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	-	Neurospora crassa FGSC 987	xylitol + NADP+	-	r

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
NAD(P)H-dependent D-xylose reductase	UniProt	Scheffersomyces stipitis
PsXYL1	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis
PsXYL1	-	Neurospora crassa
XYL1	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis
xylose reductase	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis
xylose reductase	-	Neurospora crassa

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C]	Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
30	-	assay at	Scheffersomyces stipitis
30	-	assay at	Neurospora crassa

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum	pH Optimum Maximum	Comment	Organism
7	-	assay at	Scheffersomyces stipitis
7	-	assay at	Neurospora crassa

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism
additional information	the enzyme can use either NADH or NADPH as co-substrate, its XR activity with NADH is about 70% of that with NADPH	Scheffersomyces stipitis
additional information	the enzyme can use either NADH or NADPH as co-substrate, its XR activity with NADH is about 70% of that with NADPH	Neurospora crassa
NAD+	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis
NAD+	-	Neurospora crassa
NADH	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis
NADH	-	Neurospora crassa
NADP+	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis
NADP+	-	Neurospora crassa
NADPH	-	Scheffersomyces stipitis
NADPH	-	Neurospora crassa

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
physiological function	xylitol production by PsXYL1	Scheffersomyces stipitis
physiological function	xylitol production by PsXYL1	Neurospora crassa