Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
cloning from human placenta RNA by reverse transcriptase PCR and recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS. The recombinant protein presents an additional methionine at the N-terminus as the sole modification compared to the native enzyme | Homo sapiens |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.8 | - |
L-idose | pH 6.8, 37°C | Bos taurus | |
4 | - |
L-idose | pH 6.8, 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
71.5 | - |
D-glucose | pH 6.8, 37°C | Bos taurus | |
205 | - |
D-glucose | pH 6.8, 37°C | Homo sapiens |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | required | Homo sapiens |
Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
34000 | - |
x * 34000, about, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
34000 | - |
x * 34000, about, SDS-PAGE | Bos taurus |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-glucose + NADPH + H+ | Homo sapiens | glucose free aldehyde is conceivably the form that is susceptible to the enzyme action | D-sorbitol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
D-glucose + NADPH + H+ | Bos taurus | glucose free aldehyde is conceivably the form that is susceptible to the enzyme action | D-sorbitol + NADP+ | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Bos taurus | P16116 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens | P15121 | - |
- |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
enzyme from bovine lens | Bos taurus |
recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
lens | - |
Bos taurus | - |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
1.2 | - |
purified enzyme, pH 6.8, 37°C | Bos taurus |
5.3 | - |
purified enzyme, pH 6.8, 37°C | Homo sapiens |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-glucose + NADPH + H+ | glucose free aldehyde is conceivably the form that is susceptible to the enzyme action | Homo sapiens | D-sorbitol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
D-glucose + NADPH + H+ | glucose free aldehyde is conceivably the form that is susceptible to the enzyme action | Bos taurus | D-sorbitol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Bos taurus | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
L-idose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | alditol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
L-idose + NADPH + H+ | glucose free aldehyde is conceivably the form that is susceptible to the enzyme action | Bos taurus | alditol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
additional information | despite being claimed as an in vivo substrate of aldehyde reductase, D-glucose is not an ideal substrate for the enzyme. It displays a kcat comparable with other physiological and nonphysiological substrates. Glucose is poorly recognized by the enzyme with a measured KM ranging between 35 and 212 mM. L-idose, the C5 epimer of D-glucose, is a good substrate in studies on aldose reductase and for measurement of enzyme activity, as it mimics glucose and confirms the multitask nature of the catalytic site. L-Idose offers a much more suitable concentration of the free aldehyde form for activity measurements | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | despite being claimed as an in vivo substrate of aldehyde reductase, D-glucose is not an ideal substrate for the enzyme. It displays a kcat comparable with other physiological and nonphysiological substrates. Glucose is poorly recognized by the enzyme with a measured KM ranging between 35 and 212 mM. L-idose, the C5 epimer of D-glucose, is a good substrate in studies on aldose reductase and for measurement of enzyme activity, as it mimics glucose and confirms the multitask nature of the catalytic site. L-Idose offers a much more suitable concentration of the free aldehyde form for activity measurements | Bos taurus | ? | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
? | x * 34000, about, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
? | x * 34000, about, SDS-PAGE | Bos taurus |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
AKR1B1 | gene name, UniProt | Homo sapiens |
AKR1B1 | gene name, UniProt | Bos taurus |
aldose reductase | - |
Homo sapiens |
aldose reductase | - |
Bos taurus |
BAR | - |
Bos taurus |
HAR | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
37 | - |
assay at | Bos taurus |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
29 | - |
D-glucose | pH 6.8, 37°C | Bos taurus | |
30 | - |
L-idose | pH 6.8, 37°C | Bos taurus | |
126 | - |
D-glucose | pH 6.8, 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
143 | - |
L-idose | pH 6.8, 37°C | Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
6.8 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
6.8 | - |
assay at | Bos taurus |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | |
NADPH | - |
Bos taurus |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
metabolism | first and rate-limiting step of the polyol pathway | Homo sapiens |
metabolism | first and rate-limiting step of the polyol pathway | Bos taurus |
physiological function | aldehyde reductase exerts a detoxifying action and at the same time triggers a cell signaling cascade related to the antioxidant defense. The reduction of glucose catalyzed by aldose reductase, which is the first and rate-limiting step of the polyol pathway, is considered as one of the main deleterious events leading to the onset of diabetic complications. In fact, the accumulation of sorbitol and the concomitant reduction in the antioxidant's capability are significant factors leading to cell damage | Homo sapiens |
physiological function | aldehyde reductase exerts a detoxifying action and at the same time triggers a cell signaling cascade related to the antioxidant defense. The reduction of glucose catalyzed by aldose reductase, which is the first and rate-limiting step of the polyol pathway, is considered as one of the main deleterious events leading to the onset of diabetic complications. In fact, the accumulation of sorbitol and the concomitant reduction in the antioxidant's capability are significant factors leading to cell damage | Bos taurus |