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Information on EC 1.1.3.21 - glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.1.3.21
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.1 Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
1.1.3 With oxygen as acceptor
1.1.3.21 glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
IUBMB Comments
A flavoprotein (FAD).
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
- 1.1.3.21
-
purchasing
-
co-immobilized
- triolein
- aerococcus
- mycoides
-
negotiate
-
senate
- analysis
- biotechnology
- medicine
- synthesis
showSynonyms
gpo, glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase, l-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase, glycerol phosphate oxidase, gp oxidase, glpo protein, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase
GLPD
GlpO
glycerol phosphate oxidase
glycerol-1-phosphate oxidase
-
-
-
-
Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
GPO
L-alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase
oxidase, glycerol phosphate
-
-
-
-
alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase
-
-
-
-
glycerol phosphate oxidase
-
-
-
-
Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
-
-
-
-
L-alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
-
-
-
-
L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2 = glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase
A flavoprotein (FAD).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9046-28-0
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
DL-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: from triolein, coupled assay method by use of co-immobilized lipase, glycerol kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase and peroxidase, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: involved in the glycerate metabolism
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: involved in the glycerate metabolism
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: 2,6-dichloroindophenol, at lower rate than O2
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: methylene blue and cytochrome c, at very low rate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: high specificity for L-alpha-glycerophosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: 2,6-dichloroindophenol, at lower rate than O2
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: methylene blue and cytochrome c, at very low rate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: high specificity for L-alpha-glycerophosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: other electron acceptors: ferricyanide
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: ferricyanide, in absence of O2
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: high specificity for L-alpha-glycerophosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: structural characterization, substrate binding site
Products: -
Products: -
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
DL-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: involved in the glycerate metabolism
Products: -
Products: -
?
glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: involved in the glycerate metabolism
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: -
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Products: i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
?
sn-glycerol-3-phosphate + O2
glycerone phosphate + H2O2
-
Substrates: structural characterization, substrate binding site
Products: -
Products: -
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
-
the first two domains of the GlpO protein fold involved in FAD binding, linkage of substrate-binding domain to a beta-beta-alpha element of the FAD-binding domain
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
methylglyoxal
-
strain CETC 978, 277 mM, complete inactivation after 50 min, in the presence of 30 mM benzoylformic acid complete inactivation after 20 min
additional information
-
strain CETC 978, not inhibited by 20-80 mM fructose-1-phosphate or fructose-6-phosphate
-
additional information
-
not inhibited by KCN, azide, iodoacetate or p-chloromercurobenzoate
-
additional information
-
absence of carbon catabolite repression in the expression of the enzymes of glycerol metabolism
-
additional information
-
2 mM ATP has no effect on mitochondrial GP oxidase activity
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
phenol
-
activity positively affected by the presence of 0.018% phenol, ranging from 0.006 to 0.123%
Triton X-100
-
0.1% of Triton X-100 slightly stimulates enzyme activity
additional information
-
increasing the buffer concentration from 10 mM to 100 mM leads to an 2.6-10fold increase in activity, this effect is observed with potassium phosphate, sodium acetate, sodium maleate or other anionic buffers
-
additional information
-
absence of substrate induction in the expression of the enzymes of glycerol metabolism
-
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Anaphylaxis
Randomized comparative trial of three monospecific antivenoms for bites by the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern Thailand: clinical and laboratory correlations.
Carcinoma, Embryonal
[Non-testicular germ cell tumors: analysis of the therapy study MAKEI 83/86 anc changes in the protocol for the follow-up study]
Choriocarcinoma
[Non-testicular germ cell tumors: analysis of the therapy study MAKEI 83/86 anc changes in the protocol for the follow-up study]
Dysgerminoma
[Non-testicular germ cell tumors: analysis of the therapy study MAKEI 83/86 anc changes in the protocol for the follow-up study]
Endodermal Sinus Tumor
[Non-testicular germ cell tumors: analysis of the therapy study MAKEI 83/86 anc changes in the protocol for the follow-up study]
Gastritis, Atrophic
Changes in the indices of prooxidant and antioxidant systems in blood plasma in men with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.
Infertility
[Association of polymorphic markers of GSTP1 gene with oxidative stress parameters in infertility men].
Influenza, Human
A review of epidemic preparedness for influenza through local vaccine production: national security for Thailand.
Influenza, Human
Development of influenza vaccine production capacity by the Government Pharmaceutical Organization of Thailand: addressing the threat of an influenza pandemic.
Iron Deficiencies
The activity of tissue enzymes in iron-deficient rat and man: an overview.
Melanoma
Opposite regulation of tyrosinase and glutathione peroxidase by intracellular thiols in human melanoma cells.
Meningitis, Pneumococcal
The Pneumococcal Alpha-Glycerophosphate Oxidase Enhances Nasopharyngeal Colonization through Binding to Host Glycoconjugates.
Neoplasms
Biochemical studies on mitochondria isolated from Normal and Neoplastic Tissues of the Mouse Mammary Gland.
Neoplasms
[Non-testicular germ cell tumors: analysis of the therapy study MAKEI 83/86 anc changes in the protocol for the follow-up study]
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Testicular germ cell tumors. Results of the GPO MAHO studies -82, -88, -92.
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
[Non-testicular germ cell tumors: analysis of the therapy study MAKEI 83/86 anc changes in the protocol for the follow-up study]
Nephrolithiasis
[Comparative estimation of antilithogenic activity of porcine kidney derived biomedical substance and sodium citrate in experimental urolithiasis].
Neuroblastoma
The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of children with neuroblastoma stage IV: the GPO (German Pediatric Oncology Society) experience.
Overweight
[Glutathione-dependent enzymes and glutathione in infertility of men with different body mass].
Pleuropneumonia
Functional and antigenic properties of GlpO from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC: characterization of a flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding site deletion mutant.
Sarcoma, Ewing
[The German Society of Pediatric Oncology Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Studies CESS 81/86: report after 6 1/2 years]
Stomach Neoplasms
Changes in the indices of prooxidant and antioxidant systems in blood plasma in men with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.
Stomach Neoplasms
Gastrectomy with or without omentectomy for cT3-4 gastric cancer: a multicentre cohort study.
Teratoma
[Non-testicular germ cell tumors: analysis of the therapy study MAKEI 83/86 anc changes in the protocol for the follow-up study]
Trypanosomiasis, African
The potential use of inhibitors of glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase for chemotherapy of African trypanosomiasis.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
6.6
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
deletion mutant GlpODELTA, at pH 7.0 and 25°C
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
11.2
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
10 microM enzyme and 0.77 mM O2, substrate concentration ranges between 2.5 and 50 mM, pH 7.0, 5°C, recombinant deletion mutant
14.1
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
10 microM enzyme and 0.77 mM O2, substrate concentration ranges between 2.5 and 50 mM, pH 7.0, 5°C, wild-type enzyme, nicked
17.9
sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
10 microM enzyme and 0.77 mM O2, substrate concentration ranges between 2.5 and 50 mM, pH 7.0, 5°C, wild-type enzyme, intact
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
-
consumption of oxygen determined by oxygraphy, activity measured by peroxidase chromogen method, a 120 min reaction time and a concentration of 0.5 M of glycerol phosphate considered as best conditions for determination of enzyme activity
additional information
-
structural characterization, wild-type and deletion mutant, FAD- and substrate binding sites identified, active-site overlays, residues interacting with the amino acid substrate or with inhibitor carboxylate identified, structural and functional divergence between alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase (GlpO) and the bacterial and mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases (GlpDs) discussed
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.5
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5 - 6.7
-
pH 5.0: about 50% of activity maximum, pH 6.7: about 30% of activity maximum
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37
60
-
at pH 8.0, tested at temperatures of 25, 30, 37, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70°C
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30 - 60
-
the relative activity at 50°C remains more than 60% of the maximum activity. The enzyme almost loses its activity at 60°C
30 - 80
-
activity measured after incubating the enzyme in Tris/HCl buffer at various temperatures for 1 h
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
